Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome presenting with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

A pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection between pulmonary arteries and veins. Patients with Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome may present with this vascular malformation, which is a typical finding of the disease. Approximately 5–15% of Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome patients have pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and there is usually a family history of AVM in these patients. The malformations are usually located in the lower lobes. In this paper, I describe a 49‐year‐old male patient with dyspnoea, cough, haemoptysis and epistaxis. Physical examination showed nasal telangiectasias, cyanosis of the lips and nails, and a systolic bruit over the left lung. Chest X‐ray revealed a 5‐cm mass in the left lower lobe and after magnetic resonance examination, together with 3‐D magnetic resonance angiography, it was demonstrated to be a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. The history of a niece with a similiar history of suspected pulmonary arteriovenous fistula led me to consider the possibility of Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome presenting with a pulmonary arteriovenous fistula.     

隧道式拖线加内口切挂术治疗后位马蹄型肛瘘46例

采用隧道式拖线加内口切挂术治疗后位马蹄型肛瘘 4 6例 ,4 4例为一次性治愈 ,2例经一次扩创后治愈 ,平均疗程 (2 6± 3)天。     

黏骨膜-牙龈瓣在婴儿期单侧完全性腭裂修复中的应用

目的 探索完全性腭裂初期修复手术减少前部腭瘘发生的方法.方法 本院收治的非综合征性唇腭裂患者中,选取单侧完全性85例,在两大瓣后退加腭帆提肌重建修复的基础上,在硬腭前部设计蒂在鼻腔黏膜的黏骨膜-牙龈瓣,去除黏膜后瓦合缝合,严密关闭前部裂隙.结果 手术后3～6个月复查,85例患者术口愈合良好,无患者出现口鼻瘘.结论 运用黏骨膜-牙龈辫,可有效封闭完全性腭裂牙槽嵴裂隙处的口鼻腔通道,显著减少术后口鼻瘘的发生.     

Onyx embolization of a spinal epidural hemorrhage caused by thoracic spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula: A case report and literature review

Spinal epidural hemorrhages (SEDH) caused by spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEAVFs) are rare; thus, their specific pathogenesis has not been explained. Furthermore, the standard treatment for SEAVFs has not yet been defined. Here we report the case of a 36-year-old Chinese man who experienced acute onset chest pain and tightness. His symptoms rapidly aggravated until the lower limbs were unable to support him. Spinal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed a localized SEAVF and a secondary spinal cord lesion at the T4 level. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed the presence of the SEDH/SEAVF at the T3–4 level with the left radicular artery feeding the fistula. Based on DSA and MRA findings, SEDH, local spinal cord infarction, and spinal venous reflux disorder were conditionally diagnosed. Using the arterial route, Onyx-34 was injected into the fistula to embolize the feeding arteries and the venous system. Angiography was performed after the microcatheter was withdrawn, and no residual fistula or anterior spinal artery was observed. The six-week follow-up MRI showed acceptable healing of the SEAVF, and the patient improved neurologically. This case suggests that endovascular treatment with Onyx-34 embolization should be considered a promising treatment strategy for this type of complicated SEAVF.     

食管癌及贲门癌术后吻合口瘘的临床分析

目的 探讨食管贲门癌术后吻合口瘘形成的原因及治疗体会.方法 收集手术切除肿瘤,行食管胃吻合口瘘的患者60例,其中胸腔内吻合48例,颈部吻合12例,分析其形成的原因及治疗方法.结果 胸腔内吻合口瘘48例,死亡4例.颈部吻合口瘘12例,无一例死亡.结论 注意手术操作及改进吻合方法是减少吻合口瘘的关键因素,确切的感染控制和充分的营养支持是降低死亡率的有效手段.     

大网膜人工窦道预防胆管引流管拔出后胆漏的动物实验研究

目的探讨采用带蒂大网膜在胆管引流管周围做成人工窦道的方法及效果。方法建立实验兔胆管引流动物模型。100只新西兰大白兔随机分为2组,即实验组及对照组。每组再随机分成5个亚组,每亚组10只,在手术后3、6、9、12、15d分别剖腹了解5亚组中一亚组胆管引流管窦道形成情况,并取部分窦道壁送病理检查。结果实验组在不同时间点,窦道完全形成动物数分别为:3d8只,6d10只,9d10只,12d10只,15d10只;对照组分别为:3d1只,6d1只,9d2只,12d3只,15d4只。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论采用带蒂大网膜在胆管引流管周围形成人工窦道的方法简单、实用,不仅可缩短留置T管的时间,而且可有效防止拔T管后胆漏的发生,值得临床推广使用。     

Pulmonary artery-bronchus fistula treated with coil embolization

Bronchopulmonary arterial fistula consists of an abnormal connection between the bronchus and the vascular tree and is a rare but serious complication associated with a variety of lung interventions. We present a case of a 61-year-old female with a history of metastatic breast cancer treated with lumpectomy and radiation 20 years prior, who was found to have a fistula between the right pulmonary artery and the right mainstem bronchus. Our patient was treated endovascularly with coil embolization in the setting of massive hemoptysis flooding the trachea, which was successful in controlling the acute bleed, although care was withdrawn in the following days following a discussion with the family given the presence of advanced metastatic disease. This case illustrates the use of endovascular techniques to treat an actively bleeding bronchopulmonary arterial fistulae, including a review of the existing literature regarding the optimal endovascular management strategy. Although our patient did not achieve the best outcome, endovascular intervention with stent-placement or embolization can serve to temporarily halt blood flow through the fistula, stabilizing the patient and allowing for more radical therapy after improvement.     

六神丸药线挂线对高位单纯性肛瘘临床疗效及直肠肛管功能的影响

目的：比较六神丸药线挂线与橡皮筋挂线疗法对高位单纯性肛瘘患者临床疗效、肛管直肠压力及肛门括约肌功能的影响。方法：选取2020年1月—2021年2月于唐山市中医医院肛肠科住院的78例高位单纯性肛瘘患者,随机均分为对照组和观察组各39例。两组患者均接受低位瘘道切开高位挂线手术,而对照组采用传统橡皮筋挂线治疗,观察组采用六神丸药线挂线治疗。比较两组患者术后主要症状（疼痛、肿胀、渗液）、创面愈合时间,并评定临床疗效;比较两组患者治疗前后肛管直肠压力、肛门括约肌功能变化,并评价两组患者不良反应情况。结果：观察组术后创面愈合时间为（19.63±2.43） d,明显低于对照组的（25.49±3.09） d,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;观察组术后第14天疼痛、肿胀、渗液积分为（1.54±0.51）分、（0.92±0.28）分、（0.89±0.31）分,分别低于对照组的（3.22±0.67）分、（1.43±0.50）分、（1.38±0.49）分,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。观察组术后第14天肛管直肠收缩压为（21.89±3.44） kPa,明显高于对照组的（18.08±2.6...     

内镜下离断直肠尿道瘘黏膜预防先天性肛门闭锁术后尿道并发症

目的探讨小婴儿在先天性肛门闭锁二期手术中,在直肠腔内应用胃镜离断直肠尿道瘘交界部黏膜及黏膜下层的作用。方法收集2020年1月至2020年5月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院普通外科因先天性肛门闭锁伴直肠尿道瘘行二期肛门成形术8例患儿的病例资料。所有患儿均为先天性肛门闭锁伴直肠尿道瘘已行一期结肠造瘘术后。均为男性患儿,平均手术年龄为3.9个月,手术年龄范围为2.8~6.3个月;平均体重为7.5 kg,体重范围为5.9~9.0 kg;造瘘口位于右上腹1例,脐上中腹部3例,左上腹2例,左下腹2例。因为本研究患儿年龄较小,肠腔细小、薄弱,故应用成人的普通电子胃镜在结肠、直肠内操作。在二期肛门成形术中,均在胃镜下尝试离断直肠尿道瘘交界部黏膜及黏膜下层组织,在胃镜离断黏膜后,再行腹腔镜辅助肛门成形术。结果8例患儿,1例经胃镜多次尝试仍未能到达直肠末端而放弃胃镜下黏膜离断术。1例因术中呼吸循环不稳定,仅在胃镜下完成交接部黏膜离断术,而未连续完成腹腔镜下肛门成形术,5 d后在腹腔镜下完成肛门成形术。其余6例均完成胃镜下瘘口交界部黏膜及黏膜下离断术,并同期行腹腔镜下肛门成形术。二期术后两周行尿道造影复查未见尿道狭窄和尿道憩室。结论运用胃镜在直肠腔内游离直肠尿道瘘交界部黏膜及黏膜下组织的操作方法是可行、有效的,是目前比较准确和全新的辅助直肠末端离断的方法,也是胃镜和腹腔镜联合手术完成肛门成形术的有益尝试。     

尿道板旁筋膜联合背侧带蒂转移筋膜瓣多重叠加覆盖尿道在尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术中的应用

目的:探讨尿道板旁筋膜联合背侧带蒂转移筋膜瓣多重叠加覆盖尿道在尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术(Snodgrass术)中的效果。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年5月就诊于天津市儿童医院泌尿外科的94例行Snodgrass修复手术尿道下裂患儿的临床资料。患儿年龄11月龄至4岁,中位年龄2岁5个月;冠状沟型下裂28例,阴...